Verbena
Verbena officinalis / Verbena bonariensis
Verbena is a versatile flower with clusters of small, colorful blooms on tall stems. Known for its long blooming period and attraction to butterflies.
Verbenaceae (Vervain family)
Late spring through first frost (May-October)
Symbolism & Meanings
Key Meanings
Perfect For
Color Meanings
Cultural Significance
Known as "Holy Herb" or "Herb of the Cross," verbena was considered sacred by many ancient cultures. Romans used it in religious ceremonies and peace negotiations. Celtic druids valued it for divination and protection. Christians associated it with the crucifixion, believing it grew on Calvary.Botanical Information
Physical Characteristics
Natural Habitat
Growing Guide
Sunlight
Full sun (6+ hours) for best flowering
Water
Low to moderate; drought tolerant once established
Soil
Well-drained, Average fertility, Sandy to loamy, pH 6.0-8.0
Expert Growing Tips
Deadhead regularly to encourage continuous blooming
Self-seeds readily in favorable conditions
Tolerates heat and humidity well
Pinch young plants to encourage bushier growth
Excellent companion plant for other summer annuals
Uses & Benefits
Ornamental Uses
- Annual flower beds and borders
- Butterfly and pollinator gardens
- Container plantings
- Cut flower arrangements
- Naturalized meadow plantings
Traditional Uses
- Traditional herbal medicine for anxiety and nervous tension
- Historical use as a sacred herb in religious ceremonies
- Tea made from leaves for digestive issues
- Contains verbenalin and other beneficial compounds
Disclaimer: Information provided is for educational purposes only. Consult healthcare professionals before using any plant medicinally.
Further Reading
Frequently Asked Questions about the Verbena
Is verbena the same as vervain?
Yes, verbena and vervain often refer to the same plants, particularly Verbena officinalis. 'Vervain' is the traditional common name, while 'verbena' is more commonly used today.
Do verbenas come back every year?
Most garden verbenas are annuals that don't return, but some species like Verbena bonariensis may self-seed. A few species are perennial in warmer climates.
What does verbena symbolize?
Verbena symbolizes enchantment, protection, healing, and divine connection. It's considered a sacred herb associated with peace and spiritual purification.
Do butterflies like verbena?
Yes, verbena is excellent for attracting butterflies, bees, and other pollinators. The long blooming period and nectar-rich flowers make it a favorite in butterfly gardens.
Available Colors
Quick Facts
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