Xerophyllum tenax
Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt.
Beargrass is a striking North American native perennial with fountain-like grass-like foliage and spectacular creamy-white flower spikes. Its tough leaves have been used for centuries by Native Americans for basket weaving and other crafts.
Melanthiaceae (Corn lily family, formerly Liliaceae)
Late spring to late summer (May-August), depending on elevation and latitude
Symbolism & Meanings
Key Meanings
Perfect For
Color Meanings
Similar flowers: sand verbenas and mountain avenss also share similar meanings.
Cultural Significance
Beargrass holds profound cultural significance for Native American tribes of the Pacific Northwest. The tough, fibrous leaves were traditionally woven into waterproof baskets, hats, and clothing by tribes including the Hupa, Nez Perce, and others. The plant's ability to regenerate after wildfire made it a symbol of renewal and resilience. Bears feed on the tender leaf bases in spring, giving the plant its common name. The plant embodies the connection between fire ecology, wildlife, and human cultural practices in mountain ecosystems.Shop Our Floral Collection
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Physical Characteristics
Natural Habitat
Growing Guide
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade, thrives in open forest clearings
Water
Low to moderate water needs, adapted to seasonal moisture patterns with dry summers
Soil
Well-drained, Variable (sandy to loamy), Acidic, Low in lime (pH 5.0-6.5)
Expert Growing Tips
Challenging to establish in garden settings
Requires well-drained soil and consistent moisture in spring
Not a reliable bloomer in cultivation; may take 5-7 years to first bloom
Blooms profusely after fire or disturbance in nature
Propagate from treated seed (stratification required) or offsets
Pioneer species that may decline as taller plants shade it
Best suited for native plant enthusiasts in appropriate climates (zones 4-8)
Attractive foliage even when not flowering
Uses & Benefits
Ornamental Uses
- Native plant gardens and naturalized areas
- Architectural foliage specimen
- Wildflower meadows
- Fire-resistant landscaping
- Foliage for floral arrangements
- Restoration and erosion control
Further Reading
Frequently Asked Questions about the Xerophyllum tenax
Why is it called beargrass?
Beargrass gets its name because bears feed on the young, fleshy leaf bases in spring. The plant grows in areas where bears are commonly found, and this feeding behavior influenced the common name.
Is Xerophyllum tenax a true grass?
No, despite its common name and grass-like appearance, beargrass is not a true grass. It is a perennial herb in the corn lily family (Melanthiaceae), related to lilies.
How often does beargrass bloom?
Beargrass blooms irregularly, often going several years between flowering cycles. In nature, it blooms profusely the season after wildfires. Individual plants may not bloom for 5-7 years or more.
Can you grow beargrass in a garden?
Beargrass is challenging to grow in typical garden settings and is not a reliable bloomer in cultivation. It is best suited for native plant gardens in its native range with appropriate conditions.
Available Colors
Quick Facts
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