Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum × morifolium (and other spp.)
Chrysanthemums, or mums, are popular fall flowers with diverse forms and colors. They symbolize joy, optimism, longevity, and are culturally significant worldwide.
Asteraceae (Daisy family)
Late summer to late fall (August-November), photoperiodic (short-day plant)
Symbolism & Meanings
Key Meanings
Perfect For
Color Meanings
Similar flowers: osteospermums and gerberas also share similar meanings.
Cultural Significance
Deeply revered in East Asian cultures. In China, it's one of the "Four Gentlemen" (along with plum blossom, orchid, and bamboo) and symbolizes nobility and longevity. In Japan, it's the Imperial Seal, and "Kiku no Sekku" (Chrysanthemum Festival) is celebrated. In some European countries (e.g., France, Italy, Belgium), chrysanthemums are associated with mourning and funerals.Botanical Information
Physical Characteristics
Natural Habitat
Growing Guide
Sunlight
Full sun (at least 6 hours) for best flowering and sturdy stems
Water
Consistent moisture, especially during budding and flowering; avoid waterlogged soil
Soil
Well-drained, Fertile, Humus-rich, Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.5-7.0)
Expert Growing Tips
Plant hardy mums in spring for perennial establishment
Pinch back stems in early summer (until mid-July) for bushier plants and more flowers
Provide good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases like powdery mildew
Mulch in winter in colder zones for protection
Fertilize regularly during active growth until buds color
Uses & Benefits
Ornamental Uses
- Fall bedding and borders
- Containers and pots for seasonal display
- Cut flowers (long vase life)
- Exhibition blooms (show chrysanthemums)
- Cascade and bonsai forms
Traditional Uses
- Chrysanthemum tea (from *Chrysanthemum morifolium* or *C. indicum* flowers) used in traditional Chinese medicine for fever, sore throat, and eye inflammation
- Some species contain pyrethrins, natural insecticides (e.g., *Tanacetum cinerariifolium*, formerly *Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium*)
Disclaimer: Information provided is for educational purposes only. Consult healthcare professionals before using any plant medicinally.
Further Reading
Frequently Asked Questions about the Chrysanthemum
are chrysanthemums perennials?
Yes, many chrysanthemums are perennials — but it depends on the variety and your growing zone. Some types bloom year after year, while others act like annuals.
are chrysanthemums safe for cats
Chrysanthemums are generally toxic to cats and can cause symptoms like drooling or vomiting — but the severity depends on the specific variety.
what do chrysanthemums symbolize
Chrysanthemums symbolize happiness, longevity, and friendship in many cultures — but their meaning changes depending on the flower's color and region.
what do white chrysanthemums symbolize?
White chrysanthemums often represent purity, loyalty, and honesty — but in some traditions, they're also linked to grief and remembrance.
Available Colors
Quick Facts
Share This Flower
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Osteospermum
Osteospermum spp.
Osteospermum, known as African Daisy, produces vibrant daisy-like flowers with distinctive dark centers. These cheerful blooms symbolize joy, new beginnings, and the bright beauty of Africa.
Gerbera
Gerbera jamesonii
Gerbera daisies are vibrant, cheerful flowers with large daisy-like blooms. They symbolize happiness, purity, and innocence, brightening any garden or bouquet.
Coreopsis
Coreopsis tinctoria (and other spp.)
Coreopsis are cheerful daisy-like flowers in bright yellows and oranges that bloom prolifically. They symbolize cheerfulness, joy, and always being happy.