Scarlet Monkeyflower
Erythranthe cardinalis (syn. Mimulus cardinalis)
Scarlet Monkeyflower is a spectacular wetland perennial with brilliant red-orange tubular flowers designed for hummingbird pollination. Its long blooming season and moisture-loving nature make it perfect for water gardens and riparian areas.
Phrymaceae (Lopseed family, formerly Scrophulariaceae)
Late spring through fall (May-October), nearly continuous blooming
Symbolism & Meanings
Key Meanings
Perfect For
Color Meanings
Similar flowers: sky flowers and sesbanias also share similar meanings.
Cultural Significance
The genus name Erythranthe comes from Greek erythros (red) and anthos (flower), perfectly describing this brilliant red species. Previously classified as Mimulus (from Latin mimus, meaning mimic or actor), referring to the flower's resemblance to a monkey's grinning face. This was one of the first western wildflowers introduced to European gardens in the 1800s, creating huge demand from collectors. The flower structure is specifically adapted for hummingbird pollination, with reflexed petals exposing the throat and positioning pollen to transfer to the hummingbird's forehead. Scarlet Monkeyflower serves as a model system for studying pollinator-based reproductive isolation in scientific research.Shop Our Floral Collection
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Physical Characteristics
Natural Habitat
Growing Guide
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade; prefers some afternoon shade in hot climates
Water
Requires consistently moist to wet soil; tolerates seasonal flooding and standing water; critical for establishment and continuous flowering
Soil
Moist, Wet, Sandy, Loamy, Rich, Tolerates poor drainage
Expert Growing Tips
Plant in consistently moist to wet locations
Requires regular watering if not planted near water
Older stems become woody and floppy; trim back periodically for tidiness
Benefits from partial shade in hot, inland areas
Self-seeds readily in moist conditions
Evergreen in mild climates, dies back in cold winters
Spreads by creeping stems that root at nodes
No serious pest or disease problems
Uses & Benefits
Ornamental Uses
- Water gardens and bog gardens
- Pond and stream edges
- Rain gardens
- Hummingbird gardens
- Wet meadows and riparian areas
- Container water gardens
Further Reading
Frequently Asked Questions about the Scarlet Monkeyflower
Why is it called Monkey Flower?
It is called Monkey Flower because the two-lipped tubular blooms resemble a monkey's grinning face. The genus was formerly named Mimulus, from Latin "mimus" meaning mimic or actor, referring to this fanciful resemblance.
Do hummingbirds prefer Scarlet Monkeyflower?
Yes, Scarlet Monkeyflower is specifically adapted for hummingbird pollination. The red tubular flowers with reflexed petals and abundant nectar are perfectly designed for hummingbird feeding, and pollen transfers to their foreheads.
Can Scarlet Monkeyflower grow without constant water?
Scarlet Monkeyflower requires consistently moist to wet soil and does not tolerate drying out. It must be planted in naturally wet areas or provided with regular, generous watering to thrive and bloom continuously.
Is Scarlet Monkeyflower related to Lewis's Monkeyflower?
Yes, Scarlet Monkeyflower (Erythranthe cardinalis) and Lewis's Monkeyflower (Mimulus lewisii) are closely related species used as models to study pollinator-based reproductive isolation. Scarlet is pollinated by hummingbirds while Lewis's is pollinated by bees.
Available Colors
Quick Facts
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